Last year, the region's FDI inflows were 40% higher than in 2009, representing 112.634 billion dollars, while outgoing FDI almost quadrupled in the same period to reach a historic high of 43.108 billion dollars, which highlights the buoyancy of transnational Latin American and Caribbean enterprises, known as trans-Latins.
In a context of falling foreign investment in developed countries (-7%) and rising investment in developing countries (10%), Latin America and the Caribbean increased its share of the recipient market from 5% to 10% between 2007 and 2010.
For 2011, FDI flows to Latin America and the Caribbean are expected to maintain this trend and increase by between 15% and 25%, which could take them to unprecedented high levels, according to the projections of the report launched by the Executive Secretary of ECLAC, Alicia Bárcena, and the Mexican Minister of Finance and Public Credit, Ernesto Cordero."The figures we are presenting today point to the growing integration of Latin American and the Caribbean in the process of economic globalization. The region's countries not only remain attractive to foreign investors, but they are also increasingly daring to conquer other markets by means of trans-Latins", stated Bárcena.
Nevertheless, the senior official did emphasize that "in order to improve the capacity to absorb the benefits of such investment, we are stressing the need to implement productive development policies focused on innovation and on the strengthening of local capacities to promote the creation of quality employment. FDI must help the region to grow with equality".
According to the report Foreign Direct Investment in Latin America and the Caribbean 2010, the region's main recipient was Brazil, where FDI inflows posted a record surge of 87%, going from 25.949 billion dollars in 2009 to 48.462 billion dollars in 2010.
The
second main recipient was Mexico (17.726 billion dollars), followed by
Chile (15.095 billion dollars), Peru (7.328 billion dollars), Colombia
(6.760 billion dollars) and Argentina (6.193 billion dollars).
In Central America, foreign investment flows to all countries grew, except in the case of El Salvador (-79%). In the Caribbean, inflows fell 18%.
Mexico was the country that invested the most abroad in 2010 (12.694 billion dollars). This was followed by Brazil (11.5 billion dollars), Chile (8.744 billion dollars) and Colombia (6.504 billion dollars).
The factors that resulted in the increased FDI receipts in 2010 include the improved performance of developed economies and the buoyancy of certain emerging economies that boosted some sectors thanks to increased demand.
United States remains the main investor in the region and was responsible for 17% of the FDI received in 2010, followed by the Netherlands (13%), China (9%) and Canada and Spain (both 4%).
The thirteenth version of this ECLAC report highlights the emergence of the Asian giant (China). In 2010, Chinese companies invested almost 15.0 billion dollars in Latin American and Caribbean countries, fundamentally in the form of mergers and acquisitions.
Over 90% of confirmed Chinese investment in Latin America has targeted the extraction of natural resources. In the medium term, this country's transnational enterprises are expected to continue to be active in the region and diversify into infrastructure and manufacturing sectors.
Through its analysis of the sectors targeted by FDI, this United Nations Commission points out that the investment flows are reinforcing the region's production pattern.
In
South America, the main recipient sectors in 2010 were natural
resources (43%) and services (30%). Compared with the period 2005-2009,
a greater share of investment takes the form of primary sectors. In
Mexico, Central America and the Caribbean, investment continues to
target mainly manufactures (54%) and services (41%).
The share of Latin America and the Caribbean as a recipient of investment with a high technology content remains small compared with other regions, although there has been an increase in the number of FDI projects in medium to high technology sectors and those associated with research and development.
The ECLAC publication also deals with FDI and export platforms in Central America, Panama and the Dominican Republic. According to ECLAC, transnational enterprises still wish to invest in Central American countries to generate export platforms, but the target sectors have changed from manufactures to services (especially tourism, property business and remote business services).
Lastly, the document reviews the main foreign investments and the business strategies observed in the regional telecommunications industry, where there is a convergence towards broadband, as well as the growing involvement of Latin America in the software industry, which has become a driver of economic growth.
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